THERMODYNAMIC VALUES FOR SUBSTANCES AT 298.15 K (25°C)
Substance	ΔH (kJ/mol)	ΔG (kJ/mol)	ΔS (J/mol-K)
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–Aluminum–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Al(s)	0	0	28.3
AlCl3(s)	-705.6	-630	109.3
Al2O3(s)	-1669.8	-1576.5	51
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Barium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Ba(s)	0	0	63.2
BaCO3(s)	-1216.3	-1137.6	112.1
BaO(s)	-553.5	-525.1	70.4
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Beryllium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Be(s)	0	0	9.44
BeO(s)	-608.4	-579.1	13.8
Be(OH)2(s)	-905.8	-817.9	50.2
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Bromine –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Br(g)	111.8	82.4	174.9
Br-(aq)	-120.9	-102.8	80.7
Br2(g)	30.7	3.14	245.3
Br2(l)	0	0	152.3
HBr(g)	-36.2	-53.2	198.5
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Calcium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Ca(g)	179.3	145.5	154.8
Ca(s)	0	0	41.4
CaCO3(s, calcite)	-1207.1	1128.8	92.9
CaCl2(s)	-795.8	-748.1	104.6
CaF2(s)	-1219.6	-1167.3	68.9
CaO(s)	-635.5	-604.2	39.8
Ca(OH)2(s)	-986.2	-898.5	83.4
CaSO4(s)	-1434	-1321.8	106.7
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Carbon –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
C(g)	718.4	672.9	158
C(s, diamond)	1.88	2.84	2.43
C(s, graphite)	0	0	5.69
CCl4(g)	-106.7	-64	309.4
CCl4(l)	-139.3	-68.6	214.4
CF4(g)	-679.9	-635.1	262.3
CH4(g)	-74.8	-50.8	186.3
C2H2(g)	226.7	209.2	200.8
C2H4(g)	52.3	68.1	219.4
C2H6(g)	-84.7	-32.9	229.5
C3H8(g)	-103.9	-23.5	269.9
C4H10(g)	-124.7	-15.7	310
C4H10(l)	-147.6	-15	231
C6H6(g)	82.9	129.7	269.2
C6H6(l)	49	124.5	172.8
CH3OH(g)	-201.2	-161.9	237.6
CH3OH(l)	-238.6	-166.2	126.8
C2H5OH(g)	-235.1	-168.5	282.7
C2H5OH(l)	-277.7	-174.8	160.7
C6H12O6(s)	-1273	-910.4	212.1
CO(g)	-110.5	-137.2	197.9
CO2(g)	-393.5	-394.4	213.6
HC2H3O2(l)	-487	-392.4	159.8
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Cesium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Cs(g)	76.5	49.5	175.6
Cs(l)	2.09	0.03	92.1
Cs(s)	0	0	85.2
CsCl(s)	-442.8	-414.4	101.2
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Chlorine –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Cl(g)	121.7	105.7	165.2
Cl-(aq)	-167.2	-131.2	56.5
Cl2(g)	0	0	223
HCl(aq)	-167.2	-131.2	56.5
HCl(g)	-92.3	-95.3	186.7
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Chromium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Cr(g)	397.5	352.6	174.2
Cr(s)	0	0	23.6
Cr2O3(s)	-1139.7	-1058.1	81.2
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Cobalt –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Co(g)	439	393	179
Co(s)	0	0	28.4
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Copper –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Cu(g)	338.4	298.6	166.3
Cu(s)	0	0	33.3
CuCl2(s)	-205.9	-161.7	108.1
CuO(s)	-156.1	-128.3	42.6
Cu2O(s)	-170.7	-147.9	92.4
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Fluorine –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
F(g)	80	61.9	158.7
F-(aq)	-332.6	-278.8	-13.8
F2(g)	0	0	202.7
HF(g)	-268.6	-270.7	173.5
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Hydrogen –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
H(g)	217.9	203.3	114.6
H+(aq)	0	0	0
H+(g)	1536.2	1517	108.9
H2(g)	0	0	130.6
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Iodine –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
I(g)	106.6	70.2	180.7
I-(aq)	-55.2	-51.6	111.3
I2(g)	62.3	19.4	260.6
I2(s)	0	0	116.7
HI(g)	25.9	1.3	206.3
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Iron –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Fe(g)	415.5	369.8	180.5
Fe(s)	0	0	27.2
Fe2+(aq)	-87.9	-84.9	113.4
Fe3+(aq)	-47.7	-10.5	293.3
FeCl2(s)	-341.8	-302.3	117.9
FeCl3(s)	-400	-334	142.3
FeO(s)	-271.9	-255.2	60.8
Fe2O3(s)	-822.2	-741	90
Fe3O4(s)	-1117.1	-1014.2	146.4
FeS2(s)	-171.5	-160.1	52.9
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Lead –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Pb(s)	0	0	68.9
PbBr2(s)	-277.4	-260.7	161
PbCO3(s)	-699.1	-625.5	131
Pb(NO3)2(aq)	-421.3	-246.9	303.3
Pb(NO3)2(s)	-451.9	¾	¾
PbO(s)	-217.3	-187.9	68.7
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Lithium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Li(g)	159.3	126.6	138.8
Li(s)	0	0	29.1
Li+(aq)	-278.5	-273.4	12.2
Li+(g)	685.7	648.5	133
LiCl(s)	-408.3	-384	59.3
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Magnesium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Mg(g)	147.1	112.5	148.6
Mg(s)	0	0	32.5
MgCl2(s)	-641.6	-592.1	89.6
MgO(s)	-601.8	-569.6	26.8
Mg(OH)2(s)	-924.7	-833.7	63.2
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Manganese –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Mn(g)	280.7	238.5	173.6
Mn(s)	0	0	32
MnO(s)	-385.2	-362.9	59.7
MnO2(s)	-519.6	-464.8	53.1
MnO4-(aq)	-541.4	-447.2	191.2
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Mercury –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Hg(g)	60.8	31.8	174.9
Hg(l)	0	0	77.4
HgCl2(s)	-230.1	-184	144.5
Hg2Cl2(s)	-264.9	-210.5	192.5
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Nickel –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Ni(g)	429.7	384.5	182.1
Ni(s)	0	0	29.9
NiCl2(s)	-305.3	-259	97.65
NiO(s)	-239.7	-211.7	38
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Nitrogen –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
N(g)	472.7	455.5	153.3
N2(g)	0	0	191.5
NH3(aq)	-80.3	-26.5	111.3
NH3(g)	-46.2	-16.7	192.5
NH4+(aq)	-132.5	-79.3	113.4
N2H4(g)	95.4	159.4	238.5
NH4CN(s)	0	¾	¾
NH4Cl(s)	-314.4	-203	94.6
NH4NO3(s)	-365.6	-184	151
NO(g)	90.4	86.7	210.6
NO2(g)	33.8	51.8	240.5
N2O(g)	81.6	103.6	220
N2O4(g)	9.66	98.3	304.3
N2O5(g)	13.3	117.1	355.7
NOCl(g)	52.6	66.3	264
HNO3(aq)	-206.6	-110.5	146
HNO3(g)	-134.3	-73.9	266.4
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Oxygen –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
O(g)	247.5	230.1	161
O2(g)	0	0	205
O3(g)	142.3	163.4	237.6
OH-(aq)	-230	-157.3	-10.7
H2O(g)	-241.8	-228.6	188.8
H2O(l)	-285.8	-237.1	69.9
H2O2(g)	-136.1	-105.5	232.9
H2O2(l)	-187.8	-120.4	109.6
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Phosphorus –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
P(g)	316.4	280	163.2
P2(g)	144.3	103.7	218.1
P4(g)	58.9	24.4	280
P4(s, red)	-17.5	-12	22.9
P4(s, white)	0	0	41.1
PCl3(g)	-288.1	-269.6	311.7
PCl3(l)	-319.6	-272.4	217
PF5(g)	-1594.4	-1520.7	300.8
PH3(g)	5.4	13.4	210.2
P4O6(s)	-1640.1	¾	¾
P4O10(s)	-2940.1	-2675.2	228.9
POCl3(g)	-542.2	-502.5	325
POCl3(l)	-597	-520.9	222
H3PO4(aq)	-1288.3	-1142.6	158.2
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Potassium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
K(g)	90	61.17	160.2
K(s)	0	0	64.7
KCl(s)	-435.9	-408.3	82.7
KClO3(s)	-391.2	-289.9	143
KClO3(aq)	-349.5	-284.9	265.7
K2CO3(s)	-1150.2	-1064.6	155.4
KNO3(s)	-492.7	-393.1	288.1
K2O(s)	-363.2	-322.1	94.1
KO2(s)	-284.5	-240.6	122.5
K2O2(s)	-495.8	-429.8	113
KOH(s)	-424.7	-378.9	78.91
KOH(aq)	-482.4	-440.5	91.6
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Rubidium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Rb(g)	85.8	55.8	170
Rb(s)	0	0	76.8
RbCl(s)	-430.5	-412	92
RbClO3(s)	-392.4	-292	152
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Scandium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Sc(g)	377.8	336.1	174.7
Sc(s)	0	0	34.6
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Selenium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
H2Se(g)	29.7	15.9	219
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Silicon –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Si(g)	368.2	323.9	167.8
Si(s)	0	0	18.7
SiC(s)	-73.2	-70.9	16.6
SiCl4(l)	-640.1	-572.8	239.3
SiO2(s, quartz)	-910.9	-856.5	41.8
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Silver –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Ag(s)	0	0	42.6
Ag+(aq)	105.9	77.11	73.9
AgCl(s)	-127	-109.7	96.1
Ag2O(s)	-31.1	-11.2	121.3
AgNO3(s)	-124.4	-33.4	140.9
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Sodium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Na(g)	107.7	77.3	153.7
Na(s)	0	0	51.5
Na+(aq)	-240.1	-261.9	59
Na+(g)	609.3	574.3	148
NaBr(aq)	-360.6	-364.7	141
NaBr(s)	-361.4	-349.3	86.8
Na2CO3(s)	-1130.9	-1047.7	136
NaCl(aq)	-407.1	-393	115.5
NaCl(g)	-181.4	-201.3	229.8
NaCl(s)	-410.9	-384	72.3
NaHCO3(s)	-947.7	-851.8	102.1
NaNO3(aq)	-446.2	-372.4	207
NaNO3(s)	-467.9	-367	116.5
NaOH(aq)	-469.6	-419.2	49.8
NaOH(s)	-425.6	-379.5	64.5
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Strontium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
SrO(s)	-592	-561.9	54.9
Sr(g)	164.4	110	164.6
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Sulfur –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
S(s, rhombic)	0	0	31.88
S8(g)	102.3	49.7	430.9
SO2(g)	-296.9	-300.4	248.5
SO3(g)	-395.2	-370.4	256.2
SO42-(aq)	-909.3	-744.5	20.1
SOCl2(l)	-245.6	-369.8	248.1
H2S(g)	-20.2	-33	205.6
H2SO4(aq)	-909.3	-744.5	20.1
H2SO4(l)	-814	-689.9	156.1
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Titanium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Ti(g)	468	422	180.3
Ti(s)	0	0	30.76
TiCl4(g)	-763.2	-726.8	354.9
TiCl4(l)	-804.2	-728.1	221.9
TiO2(s)	-944.7	-889.4	50.29
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Vanadium –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
V(g)	514.2	453.1	182.2
V(s)	0	0	28.9
–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞– Zinc –∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–∞–
Zn(g)	130.7	95.2	160.9
Zn(s)	0	0	41.63
ZnCl2(s)	-415.1	-369.4	111.5
ZnO(s)	-348	-318.2	43.9